Corrections and Retractions Policy

Journal: International Journal of Security Sciences (IJSS)

1. Issue Identification

Concerns regarding a published article may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other stakeholders.

The concern should be submitted to the editorial office with a clear description and supporting evidence where available.
The editorial office records the report and refers the matter to the Editor-in-Chief for assessment.

The Editor-in-Chief evaluates whether the issue is minor (e.g., typographical, formatting, metadata, or author affiliation errors) or major (affecting the validity, reliability, integrity, or ethical standing of the work).
Where appropriate, authors may be contacted to provide clarification, explanations, or supporting documentation.

The editorial team reviews available evidence and may consult reviewers, editorial board members, subject experts, institutions, or other relevant parties where necessary.
Investigations are conducted fairly, confidentially, and in accordance with recognized publication ethics principles.
The journal determines whether the matter warrants a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

If the issue does not materially affect the validity of the findings or conclusions, a Correction Notice may be issued.
The notice clearly identifies the correction and explains the nature of the change.
The correction notice is published separately and linked to the original article.
The original article remains available to readers.

A Retraction Notice may be issued in cases involving major errors, fabricated or falsified data, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research practices, or other serious breaches of publication ethics.
The retraction notice clearly explains the reasons for the retraction.
The notice is permanently linked to the original article.
The original article remains accessible as part of the scholarly record but is clearly identified as Retracted.

Where a serious concern exists but an investigation has not yet concluded, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern.
The notice remains associated with the article until a final decision is reached.

All correction, expression of concern, and retraction notices are published as separate documents.
Notices are permanently linked to the original article.
Relevant article metadata may be updated to reflect changes in publication status.